Titus Andronicus as a Classic Tragedy

Titus Andronicus is a classical tragedy from the beginning to the end. For instance the introduction of the characters to the play shows a clear picture of a classical tragedy. In this play, the characters are introduced by bringing them on stage without any prior notification and at the same time, at certain point, the characters are introduced by other characters at the stage (Greenblatt 98).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Titus Andronicus as a Classic Tragedy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The play starts up with minor characters whose roles in the play are not of much importance, these characters are used to introduce the more important characters. For instance, the play starts after the death of the roman emperor and his two sons. The conflict is created at the beginning of the play, whereby the two sons Saturninus and Bassianus were disagreeing on, who will succeed their dead father. The act of the two s ons conflicting on who will rule is an aspect of the author to bring out the need of identifying oneself with the hero (Greenblatt 250). The roman emperor was a hero, and the two sons wanted to be identified with this hero. The aspect of identifying oneself with a hero is a good example of a classical tragedy. The conflict between the two sons turned to be violent until when the tribune came up with a final solution of making the emperors brother Titus to be his fathers successor. In addition, at a certain point in the play, Aaron is seen persuading Demetrius to plan the murder of Bassianus, so that they can have a good opportunity of raping Lavinia. The play acts of characters planning to kill other characters and barbaric acts of raping others brought the emotional response in the play. Unlike the comedies that does not show any aspect of emotional such as fear and pity, a classical tragedy like this one demonstrates much pity and fear in most of the incidences throughout the play . There is a sense of fear when Bassianus is murdered and his body dumped. Lavinia undergoes a painful process of a violent rape in a forest. Lavinia suffered a great deal, as the rapists cut her tongue and her hands to prevent her from telling the truth. The act of human suffering is another aspect demonstrated in a classical tragedy. In Titus Andronicus play, human suffering is a major theme especially what Lavinia underwent. For instance, during the celebration party that took place in Titus house, Saturninus advised Titus that it was possible for a father to kill his raped daughter.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Shortly, Titus decided to murder his daughter, by breaking her neck and revealed the secret of rape to Saturninus. The play moves with a lot of solemnity and foreboding (Greenblatt 103). The play ends with rigid finality, whereby Titus murders Tamora, and Saturninus kills Titus. After killing Titus, Saturninus is killed by Lucius out of anger of past memories of his father’s death, he did that purposely to revenge. Moreover, due to continuous murders of the characters, Lucius gets an opportunity of becoming an emperor, being a ruler, he commanded his people to give Saturninus a state burial (Greenblatt 156). On the other hand, he ordered Tamoras body to be thrown away for the wild beasts to feast on him. Lucius the emperor ordered Aaron to be punished by hunger and thirst until his death. To Aaron that was not a big issue as he did not repent even at the end, and he wished to have done more evil in his life. Work Cited Greenblatt, Stephen. The Norton Shakespeare Based on the oxford Edition. New York:Â  W.W Norton Company, 2006. This essay on Titus Andronicus as a Classic Tragedy was written and submitted by user Keaton Durham to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Definition of Sharecropping

Definition of Sharecropping Sharecropping was a system of agriculture instituted in the American South during the period of Reconstruction after the Civil War. It essentially replaced the plantation system which had relied on slave labor and effectively created a new system of bondage. Under the system of sharecropping, a poor farmer who did not own land would work a plot belonging to a landowner. The farmer would receive a share of the harvest as payment. So while the former slave was technically free, he would still find himself bound to the land, which was often the very same land he had farmed while enslaved. And in practice, the newly freed slave faced a life of extremely limited economic opportunity. Generally speaking, sharecropping doomed freed slaves to a life of poverty. And the system of sharecropping, in actual practice, doomed generations of American in the South to an impoverished existence in an economically stunted region. Beginning of the Sharecropping System Following the elimination of slavery, the plantation system in the South could no longer exist. Landowners, such as cotton planters who had owned vast plantations, had to face a new economic reality. They may have owned vast amounts of land, but they did not have the labor to work it, and they did not have the money to hire farm workers. The millions of freed slaves also had to face a new way of life. Though freed from bondage, they had to cope with numerous problems in the post-slavery economy. Many freed slaves were illiterate, and all they knew was farm work. And they were unfamiliar with the concept of working for wages. Indeed, with freedom, many former slaves aspired to become independent farmers owning land. And such aspirations were fueled by rumors that the U.S. government would help them get a start as farmers with a promise of forty acres and a mule. In reality, former slaves were seldom able to establish themselves as independent farmers. And as plantation owners broke up their estates into smaller farms, many former slaves became sharecroppers on the land of their former masters. How Sharecropping Worked In a typical situation, a landowner would supply a farmer and his family with a house, which may have been a shack previously used as a slave cabin. The landowner would also supply seeds, farming tools, and other necessary materials. The cost of such items would later be deducted from anything the farmer earned. Much of the farming done as sharecropping was essentially the same type of labor-intensive cotton farming which had been done under slavery. At harvest time, the crop was taken by the landowner to market and sold. From the money received, the landowner would first deduct the cost of seeds and any other supplies. The proceeds of what was left would be split between the landowner and the farmer. In a typical scenario, the farmer would receive half, though sometimes the share given to the farmer would be less. In such a situation, the farmer, or sharecropper, was essentially powerless. And if the harvest was bad, the sharecropper could actually wind up in debt to the landowner. Such debts were virtually impossible to overcome, so sharecropping often created situations where farmers were locked into a life of poverty. Sharecropping is thus often known as slavery by another name, or debt slavery. Some sharecroppers, if they had successful harvests and managed to accumulate enough cash, could become tenant farmers, which was considered a higher status. A tenant farmer rented land from a landowner and had more control over how the management of his farming. However, tenant farmers also tended to be mired in poverty. Economic Effects of Sharecropping While the sharecropping system arose from the devastation following the Civil War and was a response to an urgent situation, it became a permanent situation in the South. And over the span of decades, it was not beneficial for southern agriculture. One negative effect of sharecropping was that it tended to create a one-crop economy. Landowners tended to want sharecroppers to plant and harvest cotton, as that was the crop with the most value, and the lack of crop rotation tended to exhaust the soil. There were also severe economic problems as the price of cotton fluctuated. Very good profits could be made in cotton if the conditions and weather were favorable. But it tended to be speculative. By the end of the 19th century, the price of cotton had dropped considerably. In 1866 cotton prices were in the range of 43 cents a pound, and by the 1880s and 1890s, it never went above 10 cents a pound. At the same time that the price of cotton was dropping, farms in the South were being carved up into smaller and smaller plots. All these conditions contributed to widespread poverty. And for most freed slaves, the system of sharecropping and the resulting poverty meant their dream of operating their own farm could never be achieved. The system of sharecropping endured beyond the late 1800s. For the early decades of the 20th century it was still in effect in parts of the American South. The cycle of economic misery created by sharecropping did not fully fade away the era of the Great Depression. Sources: Sharecropping.  Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History, edited by Thomas Carson and Mary Bonk, vol. 2, Gale, 2000, pp. 912-913.  Gale Virtual Reference Library. Hyde, Samuel C., Jr. Sharecropping and Tenant Farming.  Americans at War, edited by John P. Resch, vol. 2: 1816-1900, Macmillan Reference USA, 2005, pp. 156-157.  Gale Virtual Reference Library.

Gendered Spaces Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Gendered Spaces - Essay Example It is believed many of the ills of contemporary home environment can be traced to these historic developments which should be easily rectifiable by incorporating "feminine" aspects of space design (Roberts, 1991). The case for a feminine urban theory can be built on an obvious assumption that women were historically "oppressed" by a system of patriarchy which denied them an active voice in matters dealing with not only urban planning but also other aspects of life such as politics, civic participation, games and sports, trade etc. (McDowell, 1984, Francke, 1985). Rendell, Penner & Borden (2000) criticise this theory for its ignoring of the histories surrounding matriarchal civilisations such as Ancient Egypt and Samoa. The authors suggest that the theory of "oppression" is at best, an oversimplification of any historical legacy conferred by gendered spaces. In order to study this problem in detail, one must place higher focus on technical aspects of gender spaces phenomenon (Rendell, Penner & Borden, 2000). This would be made clear by unique gender displays which affect spatial dynamics in an actual interaction. 1. Relative size: Men occupy more space than women in terms of body size and posture (Umiker-Sebeok, 1985). This automatically translates into a male obsession for large size for example, preferences as in phallus-shaped skyscrapers or large limousines. 2. Psychological withdrawal from the social context: Men are fiercely territorial and prepare for potential threats to their control of the situation whereas women are more inclusive about differing arrangements (Umiker-Sebeok, 1985). 3. Ritualised subordination: Women show signs of being controlled by others and have more appeasing behaviour such as smiling which leads to a curvi-linear pattern in design which can be seen in traditional kitchens (Umiker-Sebeok, 1985; Spain, 1992). Men, in contrast, are more dominant and unyielding which can be seen in their preference for bold lines manifesting in rectilinear patterns (90) (Umiker-Sebeok, 1985; Spain, 1992). 4. Functional Ranking: Men like to control the actions of others whereas women are more concerned with being at a gentle ease about themselves (Umiker-Sebeok, 1985). 5. Locations: Women are generally found in domestic locations such as kitchens and nursery whereas men are found in lot more diverse locations (Umiker-Sebeok, 1985). 6. Touch/Manipulation: It has been repeatedly observed that when it comes to touching and manipulating objects, men choose to manoeuvre them whereas women tend to gently caress/examine them (Umiker-Sebeok, 1985). 7. Movement: Men usually make movements which are both faster and farther from the central object (Umiker-Sebeok, 1985). Women, in contrast, are set at a more leisurely pace which is seen in the way they manipulate things (Umiker-Sebeok, 1985). In an Australian context, according to an experiment conducted on the US print and

Separation of Retail and Investment Banking Operations Essay

Separation of Retail and Investment Banking Operations - Essay Example The need to separate the two operations is the central focus of this paper, presenting arguments for and against the move in detail. Arguments in support of separation of retail and investment banking operations Financial crisis is not a new phenomenon for the banking sector in U.K and beyond. From time to time, economic hardships that have resulted in financial crisis have been observed around the world. Year 2008 global financial crisis adversely affected financial systems in various economies. This necessitated the need to manage risks in the financial sector, which is primarily dominated by banks. Following this and other affecting factors, regulation, control and reforming the banking sector is essential. Separation of retail and investment banking operations is a positive move to take in the context of the above pursuit. That is, regulation, control and reforming financial services providers. Separating retail and investment banks would mean that the each of the two becomes a s tandalone legal entity. It is important to note that retail banks handle short term and long term payments, accept deposits and offer credit services by lending funds (De Jonghe, 2010, p. 387). On the other hand, investment banks primarily deal with financial instruments. In this regard, they are also referred to as casino banks. With the separation, it would mean that adverse effects experienced by either of the banks would hardly affect the other. That is to say that if the investment banking operations experience huge losses, the resultant negative effects would hardly affect retail banking operations especially deposits. Splitting the retail and investment banking operations is an activity that would bring forth intensive regulatory frameworks in a bid to achieve the desired outcome. The regulatory frame work adopted would be one that addresses each of the two banks as a unit independent of the other. In the situation of financial hardships, the retail banking sector would recei ve the attention of both the government and the taxpayers. The investment banking sector on the other hand would be accounted for by shareholders and investors in the same context. As a result, the adverse effects of financial crisis can neither be transferred to the retail bankers nor the government when the investment banking sector is affected. Investment banks engage in highly risky financial instruments (Upper, 2007, p.64). Tax revenues are normally used to back banking operations with or without operational risks. However, separating retail and investment banking operations would ensure that the taxpayers’ money only backs retail banking operations. The involvement of investment banks in risky financial instruments and related activities would therefore not constitute any financial burden to the taxpayers. Over and above the alleviation of financial burdens to taxpayers in times of financial crisis, individual customers to both retail and investment banks would be at an advantage. In absence of the separation, deposits in retail banks are highly influenced by investment activities. This is more so if different parts of the same bank handles both retail and investment banking operations. With the separation, the opposite of this scenario is true. However, lending risks are inevitable, but they are relatively easy to address (Modigliani and Miller, 1958, p.261–

Paper on the modern prison system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Paper on the modern prison system - Essay Example Contemporary research has shown a very high rate of changes in the prison system and it is well to inquire whether this is a consequence of various factors or it is just a mere coincidence. Going through the various factors in the contemporary prison system assists in understanding the changes that have taken place in the system over time and this is best done by using reports from Virginia that has a high number of prisons. The prison system that the country uses today and in the 20th century is the same. In the 20th century, the prisons experienced major reforms in terms of the structure and the staffing. However, one major aspect that the system did not accommodate was the technological characteristic (Wilson). Technology in major institutions is one very important characteristic as in the 21st century; most of the education relayed to students is through technology. For example, calculators have come in as a great deal to serve the contemporary students with faster ways of calculating in fields such as chemistry, physics and mathematics. The fact that there has not been any introduction of the new technology devices in the prison system is a factor showing that it is not a coincidence that there is a lack of literacy in the prison system. Where there are these gadgets in the prison system, many inmates would develop professional knowledge that would assist them in the advancements of a career. Upon release from the system, they would get proper jobs that would help them shun all criminal activities thus making the environment a safer place. Lack of the gadgets in the prisons encourages the prisoners to engage in or form illegal groups in prisons The contemporary days, the economic condition in the outside world is one other factor linked to the high amount of crime in the prisons as compared to older times. In the contemporary times, the rates of recession have been steadily on the rise and thus making people engage in activities that

Colonization On Hauora For Maori Sociology Essay

Colonization On Hauora For Maori Sociology Essay Analyze means answering who are the focus of the research Maori, what is the research all about Impact of Colonisation, why does the researcher want to do that (in-depth understanding of Maori culture especially nowadays), how does the researcher carry out the research (sampling strategies), and when or the timeline of the research (from the date the researcher started the research which is March 14, 2013 until April 3, 2013 which is the day before the deadline). Sample is a term used to refer a subset of your population by which you choose to be contributors in your research. Sampling is choosing a portion of the population, in your research area which will be the illustration of the entire population. Strategy is the plan you set forth to ensure that the sample you use in your research study models the population from which you drew your sample. Tikanga is originated from the Maori word tika which means correct. Therefore, it generally means the way of Maori in doing things and frequently based on experience and learning that has been passed through generations. It is also based on logic and common sense linked with a Maori world view. Quota is conveniently selected according to pre-specified characteristics precise to the research topic. Area sampling is basically multistage sampling in which maps rather than lists or registers function as the sampling frame. Task 2 Implement sampling strategies for the collection and collation of information about the impact of colonization on hauora Maori. 2.1 Sampling strategies are implemented in accordance with kaupapa Maori Kaupapa Maori means Maori are significant participants. Therefore, in accordance with Kaupapa Maori, the implemented sampling strategies in the research are Tikanga, Quota, and Area. First, Area Sampling was used as an initial assessment wherein a geographical area or region is selected by the researcher for the population then confers with a local iwi and Kaumata regarding the Tikanga Maori. Second, Quota Sampling Strategy is used to limit how many participants from a specific demographic are permitted to participate in the research. For instance, 10 000 Maori aged 16-65 years old from Auckland area were allowed to be part of the Rheumatic Fever Research regarding the incidence of Rheumatic Fever in the Maori Population. 2.2 Sampling strategies are implemented in accordance with local iwi or hapu requirements. Tikanga As the environment modifies or as a new situation occurs, Tikanga are depicted or devised to impart particular context responses for it yields repositories of cultural knowledge that can be utilized to endow ethical deliberations. Furthermore, it yields a framework through which Maori can actively participate with Ethical issues and acknowledge the effect of research may have on their values and relationships. Therefore, it is vital to mold the process and outcomes of the research around Tikanga for it illustrates how will be an interviewer perform their research in the Maori world such as Kanohi Ki Te Kanohi and Hakawhanaungatanga, and have regards with Mana and tapu. Literally, Kanohi Ki Te Kanohi denotes face-to-face which means in the context of research it indicates being prepared to show one face and share oneself. To come up a feasible outcome of a research the researchers must be able to fully trust those who will execute the study in analysis, interpretation, reporting and distribution of the data generating opportunities for people to be acquainted with enough. It is essential then for the researchers to front up in the communities. Moreover, allocating time and space to establish relationships called Hakawhanaungatanga is essential towards genuine connection and upholding both parties Mana, which denotes power, authority or prestige. In Kaupapa research, it is essential not to abrade the Mana of the people by being accountable to the information given to them for they are being trusted from a Maori perspective. Furthermore, in the context of research when trying to manage, organize, analyze and interpret the concepts of datas generate, i t is noteworthy to discuss the sanctity of a person called Tapu for each korero or communication is instilled with Tapu. Therefore, the Tapu of the person must be respected when their words merged with other in acquiring a meaning from a collective body of knowledge. For instance, the intentional lack of distance between the interviewer and the participant is an example of respecting Tapu for it is the acknowledgment of the Tapu nature of the information being shared. Therefore, for interviewers should not guarantee what one cannot deliver. Be objective to identify the limitations of knowledge and understanding. Retain openness and honesty. Be candid lucid about what will occur with the gathered data portray possibilities. Be rational of what will be achieved and be dedicated in supporting and making positive changes to the community. Take into account that Maori culture is based on holistic view of life and the world. Quota sampling In quota sampling, the researcher limits the number of the participants to take in the research. It is also utilized to track the number of participants who meet a certain condition. For instance, 10 000 Maori between the age of 16 and 65 years old from Auckland area were allowed to be part of the Rheumatic Fever Research regarding the incidence of Rheumatic Fever in the Maori Population. However, Maori individuality and willingness to participate should be recognized through Whakarama meaning informed consent (e.g. Consent form). Area After the researcher selected a region or area for the research, consultation with whanau, local iwi, local hapu, Kaumatua, Maori providers and Maori groups of that selected region or area is vital. For consultation is an eye opener to the researcher regarding the cultural considerations when doing home visit for Kanohi ki te Kanohi, a Maori term used to refer a face-to-face interview. Therefore, the researcher becomes more culturally safe and considerate to the Maori when conducting home visit for he/she knows the notions of cultural and social responsibility and respect for Maori such as removing shoes at doors, introducing oneself, recognizing the Maori individuality and their willingness to participate in the research via Whakarama which is a Maori term for informed consent such as signing form, listening (Whakarongo), observing and paying attention to the opening and closing Karakia, a Maori term for incantations and prayers. Moreover, allocate time and space to establish relati onships called Hakawhanaungatanga. Therefore, do not be in a rush for setting rapport and observe Manaakitanga, which means acknowledging the Maori participants who have been interviewed and ensuring the Mana of both parties is upheld by bringing food for sharing. Manaakitanga is also correlated with notions of cultural and social responsibility, and respect for people by ensuring the Maori names and places are written and pronounced properly. Task 3 3.1 The impact of colonisation on hauora at regional and national level is analysed in accordance with cultural customs. Maori Regional: One impact of colonization for Maori at regional level was diseases which were brought in to New Zealand by the European colonizers such as Whooping cough, Influenza, Measles and Smallpox which were the chief reason why Maori population dropped to about 40% in 1890 for they did not have immunities and resistance as well as absence of cure towards these newly-introduced diseases. Moreover, they had bordered access to reasonably priced and healthy food as well as reduced understanding of health and nutrition that raised their risks of chronic disease. National The impact of colonization for Maori at national level was enormously devastating because European colonizers set new laws that suit them and disregarded Ture, meaning Maori laws. Then, there was one specific European law which entitled Maori the rights to vote but they were not allowed to possess their own land that lead to land confiscation. Therefore, landless Maori lost their sense of belonging and identity for they believe that their genealogy is founded from which mountain they bow to, what river/ lake or sea they nourish from, what marae havens them, what sub-tribe they put on the cloak of and what tribe they will one day stand to battle for. They also underwent reduced access to and utilize of traditional resources from the mountains, rivers, lakes and seas which have been degraded and polluted due to intensification of economic activity and the accelerating pace of urban development. Alongside that, development has jeopardized the cultural heritage of Maori in spite of some protections. For instance, many sites of cultural, spiritual, and historical importance have been transformed or even demolished. Therefore, the tangata whenua have had to fight hard to keep even a faint shadow of the tino rangatiratanga and kaitiakitanga they exercised at the time the Treaty was signed. Native Hawaiians Regional: The impact of colonization at regional level for Native Hawaiians was also new diseases that brought in to the islands by the colonizers such as Whooping cough, Influenza, Measles and Smallpox which annexed every region of Hawaii and nearly eradicated its indigenous people who did not have immunities and resistance as well as absence of cure towards these newly-introduced diseases. Therefore, this was the shattering point in terms of the population, race and passing on the Native Hawaiian tradition to the next generation. National: The impact of colonization at national level for Native Hawaiians were chaotic governmental and religious systems because the top monarchy women at the time who were Hewahewa, Keopuolani, and Kaahumanu wrecked and reversed the Ai Kapu meaning religious laws Hawaiians formerly believed. Therefore, Native Hawaiians, who were left uncertain of what to do about their religion and had never practiced previously the things that missionaries stated in their messages to all of the Hawaiians, were curious, intrigued, listened and adapted Christianity. Thus, they became aware of a single god who they had never perceived or contemplated before, and they had set up governmental system of laws again that helped them in getting the people back to order and to replace the Kapu that had been wrecked as well as daily and monthly calendar, religious holidays, and the time concept. Therefore, it is evident that Christianity is the dominant religion nowadays in Hawaiian society. 3.2 The impact of colonisation on the cultural base and the effects these have on health are analysed in accordance with cultural customs. Maori Customs and Language: Maori customs and language were majority assimilated by Western colonizers during and after colonization. Because of assimilation policy, the young Maori generations were detached from their Kaumatau, whanau, hapu and iwi. Therefore, the elderly knowledge, teachings and customs were diminished in the community. Moreover, in the decades following the signing of the Treaty, the number of native speakers diminished to the point where the language was in danger of extinction because it became illegal to convey Te reo particularly in schools so Maori children were being punished if they expressed themselves in their native language. Therefore, these punishments had negatively affected the mental health and psychological health of the Maori children. However, in the last 20 years, Government has supported Maori efforts to restore Te Reo through kura kaupapa (schools) and Kohanga reo (preschool language nests). Furthermore, the Kaupapa research and Tikanga Best Practice were commenced to guide the health care providers in primary and secondary particularly the General Practitioners because many Maori use English for daily basis but healthcare providers and GPs may meet older Maori who communicates only Te reo, and younger Maori who claim their rights to communicate in their own language. Thus, healthcare providers and GPs should also have knowledge of accessible translation services in their region and should learn how to articulate Maori words properly so they can engage fully with Maori patients and develop the chance of creating a powerful therapeutic relationship. This can also decrease their lack of knowledge about Maori customs and language that can affect on providing health services in flourishing outcomes because they are knowledgeable about often misinterpreted Tapu and noa which are profound concepts for these are perceived as underpinnings of a system of public health in which social and spiritual health are associated with elements of physical health. Additionally, Maori are failing younger than PÄ keha for they are more socially disadvantaged, poorer, and are less likely to obtain help so the government focuses on recovering the physical wellbeing of Maori as well as psychological perspectives. Therefore, Whanau Ora Strategy, Maori Health strategy, and District Health Board (DHB) were commenced as well as New Zealand Public Health and Disability Act 2000 that acknowledges the Treaty of Waitangi, by obliging the District Health Boards to recover the health outcomes of Maori. Lifestyle: In according with the civilization and urbanization, the lifestyles of Maori revolutionize too far from old traditions and assimilated the Western lifestyle such as fast food enjoyment so their physical health is negatively affected for they are at high risks of non-communicable disease. Moreover, the Kaumatua tend to have less contact with younger generations so the gap between these two generations widens that leads to the loss of their identity, psychological and spiritual health. Native Hawaiians Customs and Lifestyle: Modifications in the environment as a result of colonization and westernization have been dramatic when compared with traditional indigenous life ways. For instance, they have assimilated the Western lifestyle such as fast food enjoyment so their physical health is negatively affected for they are at high risks of non-communicable diseases. Moreover, their risks of non-communicable diseases further as their physical activities decrease due to transport system which is one product of urbanization. However, their spiritual health and psychological health have progressed because they believed that Christianity has helped them in the right direction after embracing it. Therefore, they have become aware of a single god who they had never perceived or contemplated before, and their wrecked and reversed Ai Kapu, meaning religious laws Hawaiians believed, have been replaced as well as their daily and monthly calendar, religious holidays, and the time concept. Therefore, it is evident that Ch ristianity is the dominant religion nowadays in Hawaiian society so Christianity has a positive effect on the spiritual and psychological health of the Native Hawaiians. Language: It also became illegal for Native Hawaiians to express themselves in their own native language which was prohibited from being taught as a second language due to 1896 law that obliged English to be the solitary medium and base of instruction in all private and public schools so Hawaiian children were being punished if they did speak their own native language. Therefore, these punishments had negatively affected the mental health and psychological health of the Native Hawaiians children. 3.3 Contemporary issues affecting hauora as a result of the colonization process are analyzed in accordance with cultural customs. Maori Health legislation and legislative processes: The New Zealand government commenced Maori Health strategy, and District Health Board (DHB) as well as New Zealand Public Health and Disability Act 2000 to acknowledge the Treaty of Waitangi by obliging the District Health Boards to recover the health outcomes of Maori through enabling them to contribute in decision-making and to partake in the service delivery associated with health and disability. Tribal claims to national government: Minister Michael Cullen signed a settlement deed with seven central North Island tribes in 2008 Treaty Negotiations. Therefore, over  $400 million worth of accumulated rentals and state forest land were transferred to these seven tribes but this agreement includes only financial redress, on account against inclusive settlements to be discussed with each tribe. Moreover, a formal Crown apology for breaches of the Treaty and acknowledgment of the groups cultural associations with diverse sites as well as altering the official place names are contained too. Establishment of national indigenous protest movement and organisation: When the Maori Party was established on 7 July 2004 by Tariana Turia and Pita Sharples, the revival of fading Maori culture was stirred to an extent of alarm for several sector of New Zealand society due to the court judgement positioning that some MÄ ori appeared to have the right to get official tenure of a particular portion of Marlborough Sounds seabed. Moreover, this party supports tax reductions, heritage studies in all schools, 60 years of age as retirement age for Maori, and most of all Maori tenure of the seabed and the foreshore Therefore, the establishment of Maori Party has been a giant leap for Maori in reviving their fading culture. Native Hawaiians

Mommy why u so young? :: Social Issues, Adolescent Mothers

Adolescent mothers have unique heaths needs compared to older mothers and other female adolescents (Aujoulat et al, 2010; Chablani & Spinney, 2011; Crittenden et al.2009,). Therefore,it is important for community development nurses to consider their specific needs when designing programs. This paper will identify the prevalence of adolescent motherhood in Saint John, New Brunswick and Canada. The challenges and problems that adolescent mothers face, along with the relevant health determinants, will be examined. Finally, local interventions and strategies the literature has identified as successful in improving the health status of adolescent mothers will be examined and critiqued. Target population and epidemiology The target population for this assessment is adolescent mothers aged 15 to 19. For this essay, adolescent mothers are considered to be between the ages of 15 to 19, unless otherwise stated. There were 15,570 live births to adolescent mothers in Canada in 2008. In New Brunswick, there were 488 live births in 2008 (Statistics Canada, 2008). Less than 5% of adolescents who become pregnant opt for adoption in New Brunswick (L.Smith, personal communication, September 21, 2011). The Health Indicators report showed that 28% of New Brunswick teenage pregnancies occurred in the Saint John area in 2009 (Office of the Chief Medical Officer of Health{OCMOH}, 2011). The report also identified the teenage fertility rate in New Brunswick. This rate refers to the number of live births that occur to females aged 15 to 19 per 1,000. In Saint John, the fertility rate for adolescents is 43.7. This number is significantly higher than the national teenage fertility rate of 14 and the provincial fertility rate of 20 (OCMOH). Although Canada’s national fertility rate is less than half of the United States of America’s rate of 41, it is still higher than most European countries including France, which has a rate of eight, and the Netherlands’s rate of four (OCMOH). These statistics show a significant number of adolescent mothers in Saint John, New Brunswick and Canada, proving the need for health care interventions for this target population. Determinants of health To conduct a throughout assessment on the needs of adolescent mothers, it is essential to consider the determinants of health. Common problems this population faces include high drop out rates, depression, social isolation, repeat pregnancies, and less effective parenting skills(source). The determinants of health most likely to impact adolescent mothers include income and education, social support, personal health practices, healthy childhood development, and gender.Unfortunately, the literature mainly focuses on the negative health determinants for this group and neglects to concentrate on positive health determinants or assets.

The Return: Shadow Souls Chapter 16

Damon clearly decided to throw himself on the mercy of the court, and looked piteous and a little unbalanced, which he could easily do whenever he wanted. â€Å"I really didn't try to Influence you,† he repeated, but then hastily added, â€Å"Maybe I can just change the subject for a while – tell you more about the star balls.† â€Å"That,† Elena said in her most frosty voice, â€Å"might be a rather good idea.† â€Å"Well, the balls make recordings directly from your neurons, you see? Your neurons in your brain. Everything you've ever experienced is there in your mind somewhere, and the ball just draws it out.† â€Å"So you can always remember it and watch it over and over like a movie, too?† Elena said, twiddling with her veil to shade her face from him, and thinking that she would give a star ball to Alaric and Meredith before their wedding. â€Å"No,† Damon said, rather grimly. â€Å"Not like that. For one thing, the memory is gone from you – these are kitsune toys we're talking about, remember? Once the star ball has taken it from your neurons, you don't remember a thing about the event. Second, the ‘recording' on the star ball gradually fades – with use, with time, with some other factors nobody understands. But the ball gets cloudier, and the sensations weaker, until finally it's just an empty crystal sphere.† â€Å"But – that poor man was selling a day of his life. A wonderful day! I should think he would want to keep it.† â€Å"You saw him.† â€Å"Yes.† Once again Elena saw the louse-ridden, haggard, gray-faced old man. She felt something like ice down her spine at the thought that he had once been the laughing, joyous, young John that she had experienced. â€Å"Oh, how sad,† she said, and she wasn't talking about memory. But, for once, Damon hadn't followed her thoughts. â€Å"Yes,† he said. â€Å"There are a lot of the poor and the old here. They worked themselves free of slavery, or had a generous owner die†¦and then this is where they end up.† â€Å"But the star balls? Are they just made for poor people? The rich ones can just travel to Earth and see a real summer day for themselves, right?† Damon laughed without much humor. â€Å"Oh, no, they can't. Most of them are bound here.† He said bound oddly. Elena ventured, â€Å"Too busy to go on vacation?† â€Å"Too busy, too powerful to get through the wards protecting Earth from them, too worried about what their enemies will do while they're gone, too physically decrepit, too notorious, too dead.† â€Å"Dead?† The horror of the tunnel and the corpse-smelling fog seemed ready to envelope Elena. Damon flashed one of his evil smiles. â€Å"Forgot that your boyfriend is de mortius? Not to mention your honorable master? Most people, when they die, go to another level than this – much higher or much lower. This is the place for the bad ones, but it's the upper level. Farther down – well, nobody wants to go there.† â€Å"Like Hell?† Elena breathed. â€Å"We're in Hell?† â€Å"More like Limbo, at least where we are. Then there's the Other Side.† He nodded toward the horizon where the lowering sun still sat. â€Å"The other city, which may have been where you went on your ‘vacation' to the afterlife. Here they just call it ‘The Other Side.' But I can tell you two rumors I heard from my informants. There, they call it the Celestial Court. And there, the sky is crystal blue and the sun is always rising.† â€Å"The Celestial Court†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Elena forgot that she was speaking aloud. She knew instinctively that it was the queens-and-knights-and-sorceresses kind of court, not a court of law. It would be like Camelot. Just saying the words brought up an aching nostalgia, and – not memories, but the tip-of-the-tongue feeling that memories were locked right behind a door. It was a door, however, that was securely locked, and all Elena could see through the keyhole were ranks of more women like the Guardians, tall, golden-haired, and blue-eyed, and one – child-sized among the grown women – who glanced up, and, piercingly, from a long way off, met Elena's gaze directly. The litter was moving out of the bazaar into more slums, which Elena took in with darting quick glances on either side of her, hiding in her veil. They seemed like any earthly slums, barrios, or favella – only worse. Children, their hair turned red by the sun, crowded around Elena's litter, their hands held out in a gesture with universal meaning. Elena felt a tearing at her insides that she had nothing of real value to give them. She wanted to build houses here, make sure these children had food and clean water, and education, and a future to look forward to. Since she had no idea how to give them any of these things, she watched them dash off with treasures such as her Juicy Fruit gum, her comb, her minibrush, her lip gloss, her water bottle, and her earrings. Damon shook his head, but didn't stop her until she began fumbling with a lapis and diamond pendant Stefan had given her. She was crying as she tried to disengage the clasp when suddenly the last bit of the rope around her wrist came up short. â€Å"No more,† Damon said. â€Å"You don't understand anything. We haven't even entered the city proper yet. Why don't you have a look at the architecture instead of worrying about useless brats who're likely to die anyway?† â€Å"That's cold,† Elena said, but she couldn't think of any way to make him understand, and she was too angry with him to try. Still, she stopped fumbling with the chain and looked beyond the slums as Damon had suggested. There she could see a breathtaking skyline, with buildings that seemed meant to last for eternity, made of stones that looked the way the Egyptian pyramids and Mayan ziggurats must have looked when they were new. Everything, though, was colored red and black by a sun now concealed by sullen crimson cloudbanks. That huge red sun – it gave the air a different look for different moods. At times it seemed almost romantic, glinting on a large river Elena and Damon passed, picking out a thousand tiny wavelets in the slow-moving water. At other times, it simply seemed alien and ominous, showing clearly on the horizon like a monstrous omen, tingeing the buildings, no matter how magnificent, the color of blood. When they turned away from it, as the litter bearers moved down into the city where the huge buildings were, Elena could see their own long and menacing black shadow thrown ahead of th em. â€Å"Well? What do you think?† Damon seemed to be trying to placate her. â€Å"I still think it looks like Hell,† Elena said slowly. â€Å"I'd hate to live here.† â€Å"Ah, but whoever said that we should live here, my Princess of Darkness? We'll go back home, where the night is velvet black and the moon shines down, making everything silver.† Slowly, Damon traced one finger from her hand, up her arm to her shoulder. It sent an inner shiver through her. She tried holding the veil up as a barrier against him, but it was too transparent. He still flashed that brilliant smile at her, dazzling through the diamond-dotted white – well, shell pink, of course, because of the light – that was on her side of the veil. â€Å"Does this place have a moon?† she asked, trying to distract him. She was afraid – afraid of him – afraid of herself. â€Å"Oh, yes: three or four of them, I think. But they're very small and of course the sun never goes down, so you can't see them as well. Not†¦romantic.† He smiled at her, again, slowly this time, and Elena looked away. And in looking, she saw something in front of her that captured her entire attention. In a side street a cart had overturned, spilling large rolls made out of fur and leather. There was a thin, hungry-looking old woman attached to the cart like a beast, who was lying on the ground, and a tall angry man standing over her, raining down blows with a whip on her unprotected body. The woman's face was turned toward Elena. It was contorted in a grimace of anguish, as she tried ineffectually to roll into a ball, her hands over her stomach. She was naked from the waist up, but as the whip lashed into her flesh, her body from throat to waist was being covered by a coating of blood. Elena felt herself swelling with Wing Powers, but somehow none would come. She willed with all her circulating life-force for something – anything – to break free from her shoulders, but it was no good. Maybe it had something to do with wearing the remains of slave bracelets. Maybe it was Damon, beside her, telling her in a forceful voice not to get involved. To Elena, his words were no more than punctuation to the heartbeat pounding in her ears. She jerked the rope sharply out of his hands, and then scrambled out of the litter. In six or seven leaps she was beside the man with the whip. He was a vampire, his fangs elongated at the sight of the blood before him, but never stopping his frenzied lashing. He was too strong for Elena to handle, but†¦ With one more step Elena was straddling the woman, both her arms flung out in the universal gesture of protection and defiance. Rope dangled from one wrist. The slave owner was not impressed. He was already launching the next whiplash, and it struck Elena across the cheek and simultaneously opened a great gap in her thin summer top, slicing through her camisole and scoring the flesh underneath. As she gasped, the tail of the whip cut through her jeans as if denim were butter. Tears formed involuntarily in Elena's eyes, but she ignored them. She had managed not to make a sound other than that initial gasp. And she still stood exactly where she had first landed in protection. Elena could feel the wind whip at her tattered blouse, while her untouched veil waved behind her, as if to protect the poor slave who had collapsed against the ruined cart. Elena was still desperately trying to bring out any kind of Wings. She wanted to fight with real weapons, and she had them, but she couldn't force them to save either her or the poor slave behind her. Even without them Elena knew one thing. That bastard in front of her wasn't going to touch his slave again, not unless he cut Elena into pieces first. Someone stopped to stare, and someone else came out of a shop, running. When the children who'd been trailing her litter surrounded her, wailing, a crowd of sorts gathered. Apparently it was one thing to see a merchant beating his worn-out drab – the people around here must have seen that almost daily. But to see this beautiful new girl having her clothes slashed away, this girl with hair like golden silk under a veil of gold and white, and eyes that perhaps reminded some of them of a barely remembered blue sky – that was quite another thing. Moreover, the new girl was obviously a fresh barbarian slave who had clearly humiliated her master by tearing the lead ropes from his hands and was standing now with her sanctity veil made into a mockery. Terrific street theater. And even given all of that, the slave owner was preparing for another stroke, raising his arm high and preparing to put his back into it. A few people in the crowd gasped; others were muttering indignantly. Elena's new sense of hearing, turned up high, could catch their whispering. A girl like this wasn't meant for the slums at all; she must have been destined for the heart of the city. Her aura alone was enough to show that. In fact, with that golden hair and those vivid blue eyes, she might even be a Guardian from the Other Side. Who knew – ? The lash that was raised never descended. Before it could, there was a flash of black lightning – pure Power – that sent half the crowd scattering. A vampire, young in appearance and dressed in the clothing of the upper world, Earth, had made his way to stand between the golden girl and the slave owner – or rather to loom over the now cringing slave owner. The few in the crowd not stirred by the girl immediately felt their hearts pulse at the sight of him. He was the girl's owner, surely, and now he would see to the situation. At that instant, Bonnie and Meredith arrived on the scene. They were reclining on their litter, decorously draped in their veils, Meredith in starry midnight blue and Bonnie in soft pale green. They could have been an illustration for The Arabian Nights. But the moment they saw Damon and Elena, they most indecorously jumped off the litter. By now the crowd was so thick that working their way to the front required using elbows and knees, but in only seconds they were at Elena's side, hands defiantly unbound or trailing rope that hung defiantly free, veils floating in the wind. When they did arrive beside Elena, Meredith gasped. Bonnie's eyes opened wide and stayed that way. Elena understood what they were seeing. Blood was flowing freely from the cut across her cheekbone and her blouse kept opening in the wind to reveal her torn and bloody camisole. One leg of her jeans was rapidly turning red. But, drawn up into the protection of her shadow, was a far more pitiful figure. And as Meredith raised Elena's diaphanous veil to help keep her blouse closed and once more enshroud her in decency, the woman herself raised her head, to look at the three girls with the eyes of a dumb and hunted animal. Behind them, Damon said softly, â€Å"I shall quite enjoy this,† as he lifted the heavy man into the air with one hand and then struck his throat like a cobra. There was a hideous scream, which went on and on. No one tried to interfere, and no one tried to cheer the slave owner on to make a fight. Elena, scanning the faces of the crowd, realized why. She and her friends had become used to Damon – or as used as you could become to his half-tamed air of ferocity. But these people were getting their first look at the young man dressed all in black, of medium height and slim build, who made up for his lack of bulging muscle with a supple and deadly grace. This was enhanced by the gift of somehow dominating all the space around him, so that he effortlessly became the focal point of any picture – the way a black panther might become the focal point if it were walking lazily down a crowded city street. Even here, where menace and an aspect of outright evil were commonplace, this young man exuded a quality of danger that made people want to stay out of his line of sight, much less his way. Meanwhile Elena and both Meredith and Bonnie were looking around for some sort of medical assistance, or even for something clean that would staunch wounds. After about a minute, they realized that it wasn't just going to appear, so Elena appealed to the crowd. â€Å"Does anyone know a doctor? A healer?† she shouted. The audience merely watched her. They seemed loath to get involved with a girl who had obviously defied the black-clad demon now wringing the slave owner's neck. â€Å"So you all think it's just fine,† Elena shouted, hearing the loss of control, the disgust and fury in her own voice, â€Å"for a bastard like that to be whipping a starving pregnant woman?† There were a few downcast eyes, a few scattered replies on the theme of â€Å"He was her master, wasn't he?† But one youngish man who had been leaning against a stopped wagon, straightened up. â€Å"Pregnant?† he repeated. â€Å"She doesn't look pregnant!† â€Å"She is!† â€Å"Well,† the young man said slowly, â€Å"if that's true, he's only harming his own merchandise.† He glanced nervously over to where Damon was now standing above the deceased slave owner, whose face was cast into a ghastly death grimace of agony. This still left Elena with no help for a woman she was afraid was about to die. â€Å"Doesn't anyone know where I can find a doctor?† There were now mutterings in various tones from the crowd members. â€Å"We might get further on if we could offer them some money,† Meredith was saying. Elena immediately reached for her pendant, but Meredith was quicker, unfastening a fancy amethyst necklace from around her neck and holding it up. â€Å"This goes to whoever shows us a good doctor first.† There was a pause while everyone seemed to be assessing the reward and the risk. â€Å"Don't you have any star balls?† a wheezing voice asked, but a high, light voice cried, â€Å"That's good enough for me!† A child – yes, a genuine street urchin – darted to the front of the crowd, grabbed Elena's hand and pointed, saying, â€Å"Dr. Meggar, right up the street. It's only a couple of blocks; we can walk it.† The child was wrapped in a tattered old dress, but that might only be to keep warm, because he or she was also wearing a pair of trousers. Elena couldn't even figure out whether it was a boy or a girl until the child gave her an unexpectedly sweet smile and whispered, â€Å"I'm Lakshmi.† â€Å"I'm Elena,† Elena said. â€Å"Better hurry, Elena,† Lakshmi said. â€Å"Guardians will get here soon.† Meredith and Bonnie had gotten the dazed slave woman to her feet, but she seemed to be in too much pain to understand if they meant to help her or kill her. Elena remembered how the woman had huddled in the shadow of Elena's own body. She put a hand on the woman's bloody arm and said quietly, â€Å"You're safe now. You're going to be fine. That man – your†¦your master – is dead and I promise that nobody will hurt you again. I swear it.† The woman stared at her in disbelief, as if what Elena was saying was impossible. As if living without being beaten constantly – even with all the blood Elena could see old scars, some of them like cords, on the woman's skin – was something too far from reality to imagine. â€Å"I swear it,† Elena said again, not smiling, but grimly. She understood that this was a burden she was taking on for life. It's all right, she thought, and realized that for some time now she had been sending her thoughts to Damon. I know what I'm doing. I'm ready to be responsible for this. Are you sure? Damon's voice came to her, as uncertain as she'd ever heard him. Because I'm sure as hell not going to take care of some old hag when you get tired of her. I'm not even sure I'm ready to deal with whatever it's going to cost me for killing that bastard with the whip. Elena turned to look at him. He was serious. Well, then why did you kill him? she challenged. Are you joking? Damon gave her a shock with the vehemence and venom of his thought. He hurt you. I should have killed him more slowly, he added, ignoring one of the litter bearers who was kneeling beside him, undoubtedly asking what to do next. Damon's eyes, however, were on Elena's face, on the blood still flowing from her cut. Il figlio de cafone, Damon thought, his lips drawing back from his teeth as he looked down on the corpse, so that even the litter bearer scurried away on hands and knees. â€Å"Damon, don't let him leave! Bring them all over here right now – † Elena began, and then, as there was a sort of universal gasp around her, she continued nonverbally, Don't let the litter bearers leave. We need a litter to carry this poor woman to the doctor. And why is everyone staring at me? Because you're a slave, and you've just done things no slave should do and now you're giving me, your master, orders. Damon's telepathic voice was grim. It's not an order. It's a – look, any gentleman would help a lady in distress, right? Well, there are four of us over here and one is more distressed than you want to look at. No, three are. I think I'm going to need some stitches, and Bonnie is about to collapse. Elena was striking methodically at weak points, and knew that Damon knew she was doing it. But he ordered one of the sets of litter bearers to come and pick up the slave woman and the other to take his girls. Elena stuck with the woman and ended up in a litter with the curtains all closed around it. The smell of blood was a copper taste in her mouth, making her want to cry. Even she didn't want to look closely at the slave woman's injuries, but blood was running onto the litter. She found herself taking off her blouse and camisole and putting back only the blouse so that she could use the camisole to hold to a great diagonal slash across the woman's chest. Every time the woman raised dark brown, frightened eyes to her, Elena tried to smile at her encouragingly. They were down deep somewhere in the trenches of communication, where a look and a touch meant more than words. Don't die, Elena was thinking. Don't die, just as you have something to live for. Live for your freedom, and for your baby. And maybe some of what she was thinking got through to the woman, because she relaxed against the litter cushions, holding on to Elena's hand.

Knowin When to Hold em

Knowin When to Hold em Now I’ll be the first to admit I don’t know a thing about poker. If Kenny Rogers hadn’t sung â€Å"The Gambler†, I wouldn’t even know about holdin’ and foldin’. But one thing I do know, there’s a time to submit my works and there’s a time to â€Å"hold† ‘em. And I know that because I came close to lettin’ go at the wrong time. Twenty and excited about entering a radio station’s poetry contest, I rushed through the rules, eager to start writing. All night I lost myself in the narrator, an elderly lady on her porch reliving memories. I chuckled watching the children grow from playing to courting on the porch, I cried seeing the now-empty porch, and rejoiced picturing future reunions on the porch. The next morning, ready to mail my entry, I read the rules again and froze. I’d overlooked â€Å"Whether or not your poem wins, it will become the property of the radio station.† Whoa! With little chance of winning, I could never submit my poem anywhere else or use it myself? Disappointed, I slipped it in a drawer where it stayed for 15 years until I resigned as college professor to enter full time the field of writing and speaking. For my first tour, I retyped the poem on a more modern typewriter and had 100 copies made on plain white paper.  The first evening, in costume as story teller, I quoted a bit of the poem and following as myself, mentioned it would be available afterward. I’d laid out 25 copies with a sign, â€Å"Poems: Donation of any size† and while greeting folks heard a yell, â€Å"Go get more poems!† Already all 25 had sold! I hurriedly brought in 25 more only to hear in another few minutes, â€Å"Go get the rest of the poems!† Except for two to use for copying along the way, all had sold. It was the same each place on the two-week tour. Back home I chose a ream of quality buff-colored faux parchment paper and learned if I’d wait a few days until the store used dark brown ink, the printing could be done commercially for less money. From then on, whether driving or being flown I’ve taken the poems, although Folks want to take something home from an event but not everyone can buy our books or DVD’s. Smaller printed or craft items make buying possible for those who can’t and lagniappe for those who can. (Lagniappe [lan’ yap], an oft-used term here in Southeastern Louisiana meaning â€Å"a little something extra†.) If I’d entered that early contest and won, I’d have received eight copies of a cheap magazine with few readers. BUT, Glad I decided â€Å"No† to â€Å"sold† and â€Å"Yes† to â€Å"hold†!

Free Essays on The First American Industrial Revolution

The First American Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolutions occur with the invention of new machinery that facilitates working conditions and in turn will change a nation’s way of life. A series of sub revolutions take place and the final outcome is drastic. The first American Industrial Revolution is no different; it will forever alter the United States economy between 1815 and 1850. An economy once based solely on agriculture will totally change and become one based on industry and trade of finished goods. Profit drives everything, so basic economic forces take place and 3 ways to increase profit appear. In order to increase profit more buyers are needed, a cheaper way to produce and a way to make more products are needed. Hamilton’s economic plan, as well as the Federalist and Republican plans, is successful in generating cash for the economy. The profits are coming from bonds issued to US citizens and taxes on imported goods that are also being made on United States soil thus promoting national sales over international sales. This is the very beginning of the first of 4 sub revolutions the commercial revolution. The war of 1812 made the nation aware of a need for better roads to transport troops and materials to defend itself. Most U.S. investors turned to international markets to invest. The idea of getting Americans to invest in America was born; this would help the economy and ensure success because effort would be placed in ventures money is involved. Madison, Henry Clay, John Calhoun had the idea of economic nationalism invest in America first and this is their plan. Institute a new National Bank the first bank was only to be in place for 20 years and after the time elapsed it was never renewed. The benefits were far too great to be overlooked. Protective tariffs were increased on more items these are taxes on imports that compete with products made in our country. To provide an improved and safer Nation, inter... Free Essays on The First American Industrial Revolution Free Essays on The First American Industrial Revolution The First American Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolutions occur with the invention of new machinery that facilitates working conditions and in turn will change a nation’s way of life. A series of sub revolutions take place and the final outcome is drastic. The first American Industrial Revolution is no different; it will forever alter the United States economy between 1815 and 1850. An economy once based solely on agriculture will totally change and become one based on industry and trade of finished goods. Profit drives everything, so basic economic forces take place and 3 ways to increase profit appear. In order to increase profit more buyers are needed, a cheaper way to produce and a way to make more products are needed. Hamilton’s economic plan, as well as the Federalist and Republican plans, is successful in generating cash for the economy. The profits are coming from bonds issued to US citizens and taxes on imported goods that are also being made on United States soil thus promoting national sales over international sales. This is the very beginning of the first of 4 sub revolutions the commercial revolution. The war of 1812 made the nation aware of a need for better roads to transport troops and materials to defend itself. Most U.S. investors turned to international markets to invest. The idea of getting Americans to invest in America was born; this would help the economy and ensure success because effort would be placed in ventures money is involved. Madison, Henry Clay, John Calhoun had the idea of economic nationalism invest in America first and this is their plan. Institute a new National Bank the first bank was only to be in place for 20 years and after the time elapsed it was never renewed. The benefits were far too great to be overlooked. Protective tariffs were increased on more items these are taxes on imports that compete with products made in our country. To provide an improved and safer Nation, inter...

Management Function, Planning and Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Assignment

Management Function, Planning and Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Assignment Example The other idea is related to decision roles of the mangers. Every organisation operates on the basis of decisions made by the management in particular. It can be noted that organisations operate in a dynamic environment during the contemporary period hence there is need to make informed decisions that can shape their operations. Therefore, it is the role of the mangers to take a leading role in formulating decisions that are meant to improve the organisations of the company. Failure to do so may negatively impact on the operations of the organisation. The second takeaway I have learnt from this module is related to the aspect of planning. According to Robbins (1993), planning includes defining the goals, establishing a strategy and developing plans to coordinate activities. The most important lesson I have leant is that planning gives direction in an organisation. Without proper plans, the organisation is directionless and it may be very difficult for it to achieve its set goals. The refore, planning acts as a framework to guide the operations of an organisation so that the set goals and objectives can be achieve. Without plans, there are no goals to be achieved hence they are very important to the survival of any organisation. Planning is effective in that it helps in establishing a strategy of attaining the goals. Planning is not an end in itself but a means to an end. It helps the managers to put measures that can be taken in order to achieve the set goals. Without a proper strategy in place, it may be difficult to achieve the set goals since there is no direction to be followed. Planning also helps the managers to allocate the resources that are needed in the... Therefore, it is the role of the mangers to take a leading role in formulating decisions that are meant to improve the organisations of the company. Failure to do so may negatively impact on the operations of the organisation. The second takeaway I have learnt from this module is related to the aspect of planning. According to Robbins (1993), planning includes defining the goals, establishing a strategy and developing plans to coordinate activities. The most important lesson I have leant is that planning gives direction in an organisation. Without proper plans, the organisation is directionless and it may be very difficult for it to achieve its set goals. Therefore, planning acts as a framework to guide the operations of an organisation so that the set goals and objectives can be achieve. Without plans, there are no goals to be achieved hence they are very important to the survival of any organisation. Planning is effective in that it helps in establishing a strategy of attaining the goals. Planning is not an end in itself but a means to an end. It helps the managers to put measures that can be taken in order to achieve the set goals. Without a proper strategy in place, it may be difficult to achieve the set goals since there is no direction to be followed. Planning also helps the managers to allocate the resources that are needed in the execution of various tasks.

Marketing strategies Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Marketing strategies - Coursework Example In order to find the strategies and evaluate the factors which will help Murgitroyd to grab the market share at China and expand their business in the next 24 months the company’s strength, weakness, opportunities and threats are evaluated which will help the company to implement their strategies successfully. The global market opportunities are assessed by finding the sales potential in the market. The foreign market sustainability of the products is also needed to be done to find whether the product is suitable for the target market or not. Screening the potential market is the next step the company should follow investment. Then the key business partners and the distributors’ availability are researched who are the main drivers of the business. Understanding the customer behaviour is also an important factor which will help the company to estimate the sales forecast of Murgitroyd. ... Companies are essentially spending huge amounts of resources towards research and development to create unique products. Firms are also trying to protect their intellectual property rights so as to prevent their competitors from infringing and illegally using their research. This has also augured numerous opportunities for organizations that provide patent and copyright protection to the firms. The present study would analyse the business strategies of a Murgitroyd and Company with regards to its business strategies in China so as to improve its market share in the nation in the coming 24 months (Miele, 2000, p.1). Murgitroyd and Company is a UK based patent and copyright consultancy firm that provides legal and consultancy services to business organizations for protecting their intellectual property rights. The company provides services to its clients based across UK, Finland, France, Germany, Spain, Ireland, Italy, Japan and the United States of America. The company has over the ye ars grown as a mature organization with a dedicated workforce and is presently considered to be one of the leading consultancy firm of its kind in the European market (Murgitroyd & Company-a, 2011). The Chinese market provides opportunities to the organization considering the large number of manufacturing organizations present in the nation. The technological advancement at China with growing demand for the enterprise IP services gives a great potential for the company to explore their business in this part of the world. However there are certain challenges in the nation that mainly arise due to certain legal aspects. (The Economist, 2005, p.1-9). Moreover with the government largely favouring domestic players